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PAHs
by USEPA TO-13A |
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METHOD
TO-13A Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ambient Air Using
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
have received increased attention in recent
years in air pollution studies because
some of these compounds are highly carcinogenic
or mutagenic. In particular, benzo[a]pyrene
(B[a]P) has been identified as being highly
carcinogenic. This method describes a
sampling and analysis procedure for common
PAHs involving the use of a combination
of quartz filter and sorbent cartridge
with subsequent analysis by gas chromatography
with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) detection.
The choice of GC/MS as the recommended
procedure for analysis of B[a]P and other
PAHs was influenced by its sensitivity
and selectivity, along with its ability
to analyze complex samples.
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PUF cartridges are the preferred primary sorbent
as they are easier to handle in the field and
maintain better flow characteristics during sampling.
Likewise, PUF has demonstrated its capability
in sampling organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated
biphenyls, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins.
This method includes the qualitative and quantitative
analysis of the following PAHs specifically by
utilizing PUF as the sorbent followed by GC/MS
analysis:
Acenaphthene, Coronene, Dibenz(a,h)anthracene,
Acenaphthylene, Fluoranthene, Fluorene,Anthracene,
Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Benz(a)anthracene, Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene,
Benzo(a)pyrene, Naphthalene, Benzo(e)pyrene, Benzo(g,h,i)perylene,
Phenanthrene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Pyrene, Chrysene,
Perylene.
The GC/MS method is applicable to the determination
of PAHs compounds involving three member rings
or higher. Naphthalene, acenaphthylene, and acenaphthene
have only ~35 percent recovery when using PUF
as the sorbent. Nitro-PAHs have not been fully
evaluated using this procedure; therefore, they
are not included in this method. With optimization
to reagent purity and analytical conditions, the
detection limits for the GC/MS method range from
1 ng to 10 pg based on field experience.
Summary of Method
Filters and sorbent PUF® cartridges are installed
in the sampler.
Approximately 300 m of air is drawn through the
filter and sorbent cartridge using a high-volume
flow rate air sampler or equivalent. The amount
of air sampled through the filter and sorbent
cartridge is recorded, and the filter and cartridge
are placed in an appropriately labeled container
and shipped along with blank filter and sorbent
cartridges to the laboratory for analysis.
The samples and the blanks are analyzed and used
(along with the amount of air sampled) to calculate
the concentration of PAHs in the air sample. |
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